白色特权和男性特权
本文首先给出了一些关于特权的定义，然后选取了五个最能支持这个观点的理论，并对每个问题的每个细节进行了探讨。

白色特权是指的白人在社会上受到的更多的权利，在相同的社会中，人们有着共同的政治色彩，共同的经历和经济空间，但是白人拥有了更多的权利和自由。需要的白种人，不能意识到这种权利，因为他们已经适应了这种社会，包括自身的价值和社会地位。白人往往会声称这种时间的普遍性，并认为自己是非常正常的。本文在各种情况的对比和分析，证明了这种事情的真相，并给出了答案

White Privilege and Male Privilege

First of all, this paper gives some information about the author and the definition of the White privilege. Next this paper chooses five items on the list that can best support the author’s larger project and answers the questions one by one in detail.

The paper" White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming to See Correspondences through Work in Women’s Studies" is Peggy McIntosh’s famous work of 1988. She is an American feminist and anti-racist activist, the associate director of the Wellesley Centers for Women, and a speaker and the founder and co-director of the National S.E.E.D. Project on Inclusive Curriculum (Seeking Educational Equity and Diversity).

McIntosh coined the word the “Invisible Knapsack” in her paper, "Unpacking the Knapsack of White Privilege", which is about racial discrimination. McIntosh argues that the unearned resources carried in the Invisible Knapsack are not in broad view or intended to be seen. In her essay we can see this sentence, “White privilege is like an invisible weightless knapsack of special provisions, maps, passports, codebooks, visas, clothes, tools and blank checks(McIntosh,1988)." She contends that other race can not enjoy these privileges as the white do.

White privilege (or white skin privilege) refers to advantages that white people are argued to benefit from in certain societies beyond those commonly experienced by people of color in the same social, political, or economic spaces (nation, community, workplace, income).Many white individual cannot find that they have the privilege over other peoples of color, because they exercise the privilege unconsciously and even they themselves cannot realize that. Therefore, white privilege is different from overt bias or prejudice. The privileges include cultural affirmations of one's own worth; greater presumed social status; and freedom to move, buy, work, play, and speak freely. The definition of white privilege suggests that white tend to claim the universality of their own experiences, and consider themselves as normal while people of other colors as different or exceptional. McIntosh combines the white privilege with male privilege in her essay. Next, this paper will pick out five items on the list and gives the answers by explaining the items in detail.

The first item is “I can avoid spending time with people whom I was trained to mistrust and who have learned to mistrust my kind or me” (McIntosh, 1988) (item2 in the essay). This item reflects the white privilege in social justice. The author experienced the social injustice on people of color by herself. She is brave enough to list the inequality between races and the white privilege. Everyone is eager to be treated with justice in the society. The author stands in the shoes of those people who suffer from social injustice. She reveals the phenomenon which is easily to be ignored in daily life and speaks for the people with color. She also appeals to the white people to pay attention to their daily life and correct the attitude and behavior towards the people with color. Trust between people is the basic element in communication. Supposed if one learns that people of other race is trained to mistrust them, how will he feel towards the society? Some who is optimistic may choose to forget it but some may feel very disappointed towards the society and choose to revenge. This item indirectly alarms those who cannot do well in social justice.