一般来说，一个人做事经常是会有目的的，这也是我们做翻译经常要用到的。然而亚里士多德却不这么认为，问题是，有一个分值的增加或减少，会对目标的值有影响。

Generally, one’s end is taken as his or her “telos”, which sometimes is also translated “aim” or “goal”. However, Aristotle brings in an interchangeable word here, “skopos”, which literally means “target”. Problem rises for there is a difference in meaning between “aim” or “goal” and “target”. A target refers to the thing one shoots at and to a broad extent a thing he or she obtains. While for the final end of an individual, it can never be the thing itself, but his or her getting the thing. Aim or goal focus on one’s activity, his or her getting something. In a word, the final end is about actions and activities. An individual’s final end can be his or her final aim or goal, but never should be the target; for emphasis of the final end is attached to one’s aiming at doing something rather than the thing which is aimed to be done.

自律是一个更高的境界，是一个人在没有人监督的情况下，也会有比较好的约束感。最终的结局是终极目标或欲望。有了动机，普通的孩子也会变的非常优秀，总会有一个东西，激励着我们前行。我们把这个东西叫做目标

Self-sufficiency is one condition on one’s final end. The final end is defined as the ultimate object of desire，and desire is the most general kind of motivation to do something that one can have. There is some ultimate thing which forms all motivations of an individual into an organized whole by being the end towards each all these motivations tend. While the final good is the best good, which needs to be something complete and to be the most complete. And the complete good thus seems to be self-sufficient. An end may be final just by stopping desire at a further point, but the good puts an end to one’s desire by including and organizing into a whole the ends of a smaller scale desires.

最终的结局是，我们没有什么可以选择的，而是必须要选择，必须，包括个人和别人的目的。然而另一个状态才是最终的结局

The final end is self-sufficient only when it makes an individual's life choice worthy and lack in nothing, and must include all the individual’s other ends. Completeness, however, is another condition on the final end. Completeness means an end to one’s desire, and in the meanwhile it means finality. An end can be more complete than another by including it. In a word, the final good has to both be complete and be self-sufficient. According to Aristotle, completeness contains two aspects: finality and comprehensiveness.

幸福是每个人都向往的，但是，不是每个人都能做到的，这是现代社会所缺失的东西，因为有了欲望，达不到欲望，我们就会感觉幸福感差。这也导致了我们的心态的变化。

Happiness is thought to be the final good and being happy means living well and doing well, which is a state of lacking nothing and without further desires, a status of completeness and self-sufficiency. By Aristotle, happiness is self-sufficiency of life. Happiness involves an activity of doing something for it needs to be achieved by the individual himself and can not be offered by others. This is consistent with the final end, which is supposed to include all the ends one has in his or her life as a whole. In Aristotle’s opinion, the final good is choice worthy, and for happiness is choice worthy, it is the final good. Maybe that is reason why happiness is treated as the final end and the final good when one taking life as a whole. Happiness plays a role as an obvious and thin specification of the final end.